European VAT Rates
Standard and main reduced VAT rates by country. Rates can change — always confirm with the local tax authority for anything official.
VAT (Value Added Tax) is a consumption tax applied at each stage of the supply chain across the EU and most of Europe, ultimately paid by the end consumer. Each country sets its own standard rate and often one or more reduced rates for essentials like food, books, or public transport. Use this table alongside the VAT Calculator to apply the right rate to a price.
| Country | Standard | Reduced |
|---|
Sources — checked October 2026 against official tax-authority pages: Norway (Altinn), Sweden (Skatteverket), Denmark (Skat), Germany (Bundesregierung), France (economie.gouv.fr), Netherlands (Belastingdienst), Spain (AEAT), Poland (podatki.gov.pl), Finland (Vero), Ireland (Revenue), Austria (USP), Belgium (FPS Finance), Portugal (Portal das Finanças, mainland), Switzerland (ESTV). Notes: the Swedish rate on food fell from 12% to 6% on 1 April 2026; Dutch accommodation moved to 21% on 1 January 2026; German restaurant food moved to 7% on 1 January 2026; Portugal’s rates are for the mainland. Always confirm with the local tax authority before relying on a rate.